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The anaesthetic machine (UK English) or anesthesia machine (US English) or Boyle's machine is used by anaesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, and anaesthesiologist assistants to support the administration of anaesthesia. The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide), mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient monitoring devices. The original concept of Boyle's machine was invented by the British anaesthetist Henry Boyle (18751941) in 1917. Prior to this time, anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them, but the development of heavy, bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances. The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation. Simpler anaesthetic apparatus may be used in special circumstances, such as the TriService Apparatus, a simplified anaesthesia delivery system invented for the British armed forces, which is light and portable and may be used effectively even when no medical gases are available. This device has unidirectional valves which suck in ambient air which can be enriched with oxygen from a cylinder, with the help of a set of bellows. A large number of draw-over type of anaesthesia devices are still in use in India for administering an air-ether mixture to the patient, which can be enriched with oxygen. But the advent of the cautery has sounded the death knell to this device, due to the explosion hazard. Many of the early innovations in U.S. anaesthetic equipment, including the closed circuit carbon-dioxide absorber (aka: the Guedel-Foregger Midget) and diffusion of such equipment to anaesthetists within the United States can be attributed to Richard von Foregger and The Foregger Company. In dentistry a simplified version of the anaesthetic machine, without a ventilator or anaesthetic vaporiser, is referred to as a relative analgesia machine. By using this machine, the dentist can administer a mild inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen, in order to keep his patient in a conscious state while depressing the feeling of pain. ==Components of a typical machine== A modern anaesthesia machine includes the following components: * Connections to piped hospital oxygen, medical air, and nitrous oxide. * Reserve gas cylinders of oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide attached via a specific yoke with a Bodok seal. * A high-flow oxygen flush which provides pure oxygen at 30-75 litres/minute * Pressure gauges, regulators and 'pop-off' valves, to protect the machine components and patient from high-pressure gases * Flow meters (rotameters) for oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide, low Flow meters oxygen nitrous oxide * Updated vaporizers to provide accurate dosage control when using volatile anaesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane * An integrated ventilator to properly ventilate the patient during administration of anaesthesia * A manual ventilation bag in combination with an Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) valve * Systems for monitoring the gases being administered to, and exhaled by the patient * Systems for monitoring the patient's heart rate, ECG, blood pressure and oxygen saturation, in some cases with additional options for monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide and temperature * breathing circuits, circle attachment, or a Bain's breathing system 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anaesthetic machine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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